A grid-fed, liquid-cooled shell with on-site backup
Deliver 2 MW of critical IT capacity (~2.2–2.4 MW total facility load) from a utility service, backed by on-site battery storage and natural-gas generation.
Utility primary
Service sized for ~2.4 MW facility peak plus margins; 2 MW critical, no growth allowance
Lowest operating cost where capacity exists
On-site backup
Grid-forming BESS continuously feeds the critical bus
Natural-gas gensets recharge the BESS in extended outages
High density
80–120 kW per rack, ~17–25 racks
~75% of heat captured to liquid
02 · Power Architecture
Utility + BESS + backup gensets
Utility service
~3–4 MVA service (facility peak + margins only), MV preferred
POI breaker, metering, step-down transformation, MV switchgear
BESS (parallel, grid-forming capable)
Power: ~2.5–3 MW, full facility load
PCS stage also N+1, so a single inverter failure does not interrupt the critical load
Energy: ~2.5–5 MWh → ~1–2 h
Inverter output continuously feeds critical buses A/B; utility and gensets charge it and support the bus
Optional peak shaving / demand response
Backup gensets
Sized N (N+1 if contract requires) for ~2.4 MW + BESS recharge at site rating
Indicative: 3 × ~1.2 MW (+1 optional), site derates apply
Run only during outages and tests
Gas supply
Sized for outage duty: ~23–27 MMBtu/h when running
Firm gas supply required; if firm gas is unavailable, on-site fuel storage for the target outage duration
Ranges are preliminary, pending utility capacity study, load study, and manufacturer site ratings.
02a · Power One-Line
Utility-fed common-bus topology
Utility feeds the MV bus through the POI breaker; BESS, backup gensets, and optional solar tie in through their own breakers; separate A and B buses feed dual-corded IT loads. The grid-forming BESS continuously feeds critical buses A/B (green path); because it is on a parallel common bus, gensets or utility can still carry the load if the BESS trips. Draft, not for construction.
02b · Operating Modes
Utility-connected operating modes
Solid = active, dashed = off / standby / open. The islanding controller manages POI open/close and resynchronization.
02c · Interconnection
Interconnection considerations
Capacity availability
Confirm ~3–4 MVA available at the nearest feeder/substation
Upgrades may be required at customer cost
Timeline
Application, studies, and construction can take months to years
On-site BESS + gensets can bridge early operation (phased start)
Cost
Line extension, transformer, metering, and upgrade costs
Tariff demand charges vs. peak-shaving value
Protection & compliance
POI protection, anti-islanding, and transfer scheme approved by the utility
Grounding and fault-current coordination with inverter sources
Interconnection standards for on-site generation and storage
Optional adiabatic assist reserved for extreme hours; low humidity makes it effective if ever used
Glycol and freeze protection for cold-weather operation
Altitude impact
Gensets derated for elevation and heat (site-dependent)
Thinner air reduces dry-cooler and fan capacity — size coils and fans accordingly
Electrical equipment altitude ratings verified
05 · Building Options
Building options & square footage
2 MW at 80–120 kW/rack ≈ 17–25 racks → ~1,500–4,000 sq ft of white space (incl. aisles and CDUs). The rest of the footprint is electrical, mechanical, and support space.
Option
Description
Indicative footprint
A · Pre-engineered metal building
Single-story shell, data hall + electrical/mechanical rooms
~8,000–12,000 sq ft
B · Modular / prefabricated
Factory-built IT and power modules on prepared pad
~5,000–8,000 sq ft of modules
C · Retrofit existing building
Adapt existing industrial/warehouse structure
~10,000–15,000 sq ft
Plus exterior yard for utility switchgear, gensets, BESS (~2.5–5 MWh), transformers, and dry coolers (indicative 0.75–1.5 acres). All figures are draft ranges.
06 · Site Requirements
What a candidate site needs
Utility service
~3–4 MVA available; feasible line extension
Land
~2–4 acres, flat, buildable
Industrial or compatible zoning
Gas supply
~0.55–0.65 MMscf/day capacity during outages
Connectivity
Diverse fiber routes
Permitting
Air permit for emergency/backup generation (typically less onerous than prime)
Noise limits at property line (gensets, dry coolers)
Fire code for BESS
Engineering studies
Grounding for grid-connected and islanded operation
Short-circuit & protection coordination with limited inverter fault current
07 · Next Steps
Next steps
1. Site screening
Shortlist sites against requirements
2. Feasibility
Utility capacity request, load study, gas and air permit
